| Introduction
Ramayana is one of the greatest epics of the world and has a special place in
Indian culture as well as Sanskrit literature. It is written in different
languages by many writers and poets and also translated. The idea of our attempt
is to present translation of the text of Valmiki Ramayana with word order and
meaning of each verse followed by explanatory translation of verse in English.
It is our intention to introduce through electronic media Ramayana in English to
the modern youth, not so well versed in any Indian language, but are more
proficient in English. It is intended to let the modern generation know the
noble ideals enshrined in the epic. It is hoped that the readers would
appreciate the perfect felicity of expression of Valmiki in Sanskrit.
Although Valmiki Ramayana is in vogue all over the country three well-known
versions namely the Northwest, East and Southern versions are more popular. The
Southern recession has been selected for the present translation. The best of
the commentaries of Valmiki Ramayana being written in Sanskrit is not to the
understanding of many readers. Moreover the influence of English on the present
generation handicaps one to understand the Sanskrit commentaries. Considering
the importance of highlighting the philosophical thoughts and social ideals
internalized in Sanskrit commentaries of Ramayana, it is also attempted to
translate selected commentaries in English. Several scholars have written
commentaries on Valmiki Ramayana .The writers represent different Schools of
Philosophy and these commentaries enriched Indian philosophy. The commentaries
selected for translation for the present are Amrithakataka Bhushana Tattva
Deepika Tilaka Dharmakuta and Siromani. The Sanskrit text of the commentaries
and the English translation has been given in summarised form by the translators
according to the subjects on, which commentary is given.
Indian literary tradition holds Valmiki as the first poet (Adikavi) and Ramayana
as the first poem, Adikavya. Valmiki is the first path maker for the sweet
expressions of poetry. He provided inspiration for all classical poets and his
influence is seen in Sanskrit literature in Poems Plays and Kavyas. Even though
Valmiki Ramayana has been composed in classical Sanskrit and not intelligible to
the unlettered yet due to the efforts made by oral expounders it was made
understandable to the masses in rural India. Lava and Kusa are the first
expounders of Ramayana and great Valmiki himself trained them. This practice of
popular exposition of Ramayana continued through centuries making illiteracy no
bar for reading Ramayana. Keeping in view the melody of Ramayana an attempt is
made for audio recording of the verses to make the reader experience the melody
of the poems. To enable the readers understand the terms used in Ramayana a
glossary of the words and the English meaning has been given.
There is a practice of reading Ramayana or part of Ramayana daily, particularly
Sundara Kanda so that not only professional exponents of the epic but also large
number of individuals know Valmiki Ramayana by heart. A large number of people
know to repeat off-hand Sundara Kanda, thus the text is retained in its original
form in India.
If a poem has contributed substantially to keeping in Indian culture alive it is
Ramayana. Rama the warrior prince is a hero a likeable pleasing god-man later
came to be looked upon as god more particularly with the Vedic gods receding
into the back ground. Rama became a by word. The social ideals, family
relationships introduced by Valmiki made it popular over other stories of the
past such as Savitri-Satyavan, Nala-Damyanti, Tapti-Samvarana and
Vasavadatta-Udayana. The description of human relationship in royal households
of Ayodhya, Kishkinda and Lanka is unique. Ramayana is a book of dharma and Rama
is an embodiment of dharma and a paradigm of an ideal man. Ramayana clearly
illustrates that artha and kama can be enjoyed with in the legitimate bounds of
dharma.
The story of Rama and Sita, the dharma by which they lived and the adharma they
shunned express a value system basic to much education in India. Hope this
presentation produces firmer devotion to Rama and commitment to dharma which
each of us is called on to practice.
Valmiki Ramayan - INTRODUCTION |